Scarlet Letter- Grey Free Essays

Red Letter Assignment Topic: Gray Part I-Cite multiple times in the book where your point shows up and investigate how those cases identify with the importance of the work all in all. 1. â€Å"A crowd of unshaven men, in miserable shaded pieces of clothing and gray† (33). We will compose a custom exposition test on Red Letter-Gray or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now The shading dark adds to the climate of the day, the day of judgment for Hester. The individuals of this Puritan town are close-disapproved and dull, all spoke to by the shading dim. 2. She bore in her arms a youngster, a child if approximately three months old, who winked and diverted aside its little face from the two distinctive light of day; since its reality, in this manner, had carried it familiar just with the dim dusk of cell, or other darksome condo if the prison† (36) When in the cell Hester addressed nobody and would not confess to anything, since she disguised her privileged insights. The shading dim suggests privileged insights and stowing away. Once Hester and Pearl withdraw from the jail just because the dim of the cell vanishes and the insider facts would now be able to be found outâ€this affirmation being a significant plot in the novel. This is the second when the mysteries break free and start to unfurl. 3. â€Å"Standing on that hopeless distinction, she saw again her local town, in Old England, and her fatherly home: a rotted place of dim stone, with a neediness stricken perspective, yet holding a half annihilated shield of arms over the entry, in token of antique gentility† (40). When leaving the prison, Hester looked at her old neighborhood. Be that as it may, she was not loaded up with sentimentality or thoughtfulness. Or maybe, she watched out and saw her family’s neediness stricken house, however it was recognizable that it was once of high respectability. The individuals who were once world class and considered honorable individuals are presently in destitution and being trialed for homicide. Dark implies this change. It is dull, exhausting, and isn't red, blue, and purple, which are the hues that blue-bloods wore around then. When leaving the prison Hester understands that everything has gone to greyâ€life won't be as lavish and she will be revoked by society in view of her transgressions. 4. â€Å"The wide boundary of a detailed ruff, underneath his dark facial hair, in the out of date style of King James’s rule, made his head look not similar to that of John the Baptist in a charger† (74) This portrayal of Governor Bellingham is to show how he is regarded and of high class in Puritan culture. Puritans want to live like their precursors; no space for change by any stretch of the imagination. Representative Bellingham is delineated in the novel and is contrasted with those living in King James’ time. To the Puritans this is sure, this bluntness and failure to alter their way of life: it is the lifestyle. However, to other people, as Hester it is an antagonistic part of the general public. The shading dim is in this manner utilized in this setting to feature this. The Puritan culture is dim, without shading and fervor. In today’s day, a highly contrasting film recommends that it is old and obsolete. So excessively here, including the way that Governor Bellingham’s facial hair is dim is to clarify Hester’s sentiment that the general public is and ought to be out of date. 5. â€Å"An unwearied pall of cloud stifled the entire span of sky from apex to skyline. In the event that a similar huge number which had remained as observers while Hester Prynne supported her discipline could now have been gathered forward, they would have perceived no face over the stage nor scarcely the blueprint of a human shape, in obscurity dark of the midnight† (101). The utilization of dim in this case characterizes the state of mind Nathaniel Hawthorne is endeavoring to depict. Dimmesdale mounts the framework and shouts out, admitting his wrongdoing. It is in the profundities of the night and is dim, dismal reflecting Dimmesdale’s want of humility for his transgression. He wishes to be discovered and for his blame to be concealed. 6. â€Å"Mr. Dimmesdale all through the long from now on. Be that as it may, as he descended the platform steps, the dim unshaven sexton met him, holding up a dark glove, which the clergyman perceived as his own† (108). The day after Dimmesdale’s calling of his transgression amidst the night, the congregation sexton approaches Dimmesdale and gives him his dark glove that was found on the platform. The sexton concludes that it was Satan’s doing and not that of Dimmesdale. Everything around Dimmesdale abruptly starts to turn dim. He considers everything to be grayâ€full of wrongdoing and dimness drained of life and virtue. Part II-Explain how your subject reveals insight into in any event one character’s advancement in the novel Gray represents various thoughts in the novel, The Scarlet Letter. In any case, a fundamental subject of the shading dim is that of haziness and the nearness of transgression. All through the novel, Dimmesdale’s status and wellbeing gradually crumble and the shading dark helps track this decrease. From the outset the general public is taken a gander at as dark, exhausting, and dull according to Hester. Dimmesdale was a prize minister giving the best lessons. In any case, once Hester is restored in the public arena, Dimmesdale’s blame starts to dominate. Particularly after he and Hester talk about leaving the town by transport, his disgrace bamboozles him. He rises the platform trusting somebody will hear him admit his transgressions, however everybody thinks it is a witch. Everybody and everything around him seems dark, all helping him to remember his transgression. Dimmesdale even gives a lesson wherein he uncovers that he also has trespassed, in order to lighten a portion of his feeling of remorse, however it makes the individuals like and adore him significantly more. Finally he can't take it and he mounts the framework, Hester and Pearl close by, admitting his transgressions to all and kicking the bucket there as Pearl kisses him. The blame was a lot for him lastly the torment is away for Dimmesdale. Part III-Choose three true to life realities about Nathaniel Hawthorne and additionally recorded realities about the timespan, and clarify how the realities add to your comprehension of the general book 1. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s predecessor, John Hathorne, began in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and was an appointed authority in the Salem witch preliminaries. Hawthorne was intrigued by his connection to John Hathorne and enlivened a few of his books. This was an incredible motivation for The Scarlet Letter, as black magic, sin, and Puritan culture are for the most part principle topics of this novel. 2. Nathaniel’s father passed on when he was at an early age. This was hence the motivation for Hester being a single parent in the novel. He felt a similar way that Pearl did and simultaneously sympathized with Hester in light of the fact that he watched his mom experience something very similar. . One significant effect on The Scarlet Letter is cash. Hawthorne never got a lot of cash-flow as a creator and the introduction of his first little girl just added to the money related weight. He got an occupation at the Salem Custom House, however lost it three years after the fact an d had to come back to writing to help his family. Therefore, The Scarlet Letter was distributed a year in the wake of being terminated by his activity in the Salem Custom House. From the outset, the work was just expected to be a long short story, however the additional cash a novel would acquire was expected to help his developing family. Step by step instructions to refer to Scarlet Letter-Gray, Papers

Statistical Package For Social Sciences Education Essay

This part will show the data assembled in the examination and meeting directed by the exploration laborer. The quantitative outcomes accumulated experienced grouped factual preliminaries through the utilization of Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS ) . The subjective informations got from the meetings were talked about and dissected corresponding to the bing writing. Cronbach ‘s Alpha Ordinarily, the Cronbach ‘s Alpha trustworthiness coefficient extends between 0-1. Be that as it may, there is no existent destined for the coefficient. The closer Cronbach ‘s alpha coefficient is to 1.0 the more noteworthy the inward consistence of the focuses in the graduated table. In view of the articulation _ = rk/[ 1 + ( k - 1 ) R ] where K is the figure of focuses considered and R is the mean of the between thing correlativities the size of alpha is dictated by both the figure of focuses in the graduated table and the normal between thing correlativities. George and Mallery ( 2003 ) give the undermentioned guidelines of pollex: â€Å" _ and gt ; .9 †Excellent, _ and gt ; .8 †Good, _ and gt ; .7 †Acceptable, _ and gt ; .6 †Questionable, _ and gt ; .5 †Poor, and_ and lt ; .5 †Unacceptable † . In the occasion of the acquired informations, the constancy coefficient is.887 which shows great trustworthiness coefficient. While expanding the estimation of alpha is mostly needy upon the figure of focuses in the graduated table, it ought to be noticed this has diminishing returns. It ought to other than be noticed that an alpha of.8 is likely a reasonable end. It ought to other than be noticed that while a high incentive for Cronbach ‘s alpha shows great inside consistence of the focuses in the graduated table, it does non expect that the graduated table is unidimensional. The dimensionality of the graduated table can be registered using the factor examination which will be talked about in the accompanying development. Factor Analysis The technique followed here was to initially examine the underlying reactions of the members with a situation to picking a subset of highlights that may follow up on more remote reactions. At that point, study reactions were dissected at the point degree, using figures, even arraies, or content totally, to flexibly a first inclination. These point degree reactions were examined for fundamental structures by means of factor expository processs ( Note that all processs revealed here use SPSS ) . A necessity for including a point was that reactions were non unreasonably seriously slanted ( for example , 90 % or a greater amount of reactions grouped in singular cell ) and that more all things considered, the level of reaction to that point was non lacking ( and lt ; 15-20 % ) to destabilize examination. The components recognized as such compare to the essential subjects or dormant factors to which letter essayists appear to respond in footings of grouped related focuses. The convention received here for factor investigation was to use default scenes stomach muscle initio ( Principal Axis Factor †PAF ) and to spin the framework of weights to get incidental ( free ) factors ( Varimax turning movement ) . The chief finish of factor examination is to independence basic ( focuses loadings and gt ; 0.30 on simply one factor ) that are logical, assuming that focuses are factorable ( The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin venture of attempting ampleness preliminaries whether the incomplete correlativities among factors are nearly nothing. Bartlett ‘s preliminary of sphericalness preliminaries whether the correlativity network is a distinction lattice, bespeaking that the factor hypothetical record is wrong ) . When obviously characterized and reasonable elements had been distinguished ( Factor loadings = and gt ; .10 were shown through an included plain cluster despite the fact that just point troubles and gt ; 0.30 were viewed as applicable to factor troubles ) , and reactions identified with these elements were spared in the signifier of factor tonss. These Bartlett factor tonss are commensurate to sub-scale or scale tonss with organizations of nothing and standard divergences of one ( z-scores ) , and with members attributed with independent tonss according to each distinguished factor. A Principal Axis Factor ( PAF ) with a Varimax ( superfluous ) rotational movement of 22 of the 24 Likert scale requests from this examination poll was directed on informations accumulated from 20 members. An investigation of the Kaiser-Meyer Olkin venture of attempting sufficiency recommended that the example was factorable ( KMO=.698 ) . Graphic Statisticss The graphic measurements figured the mean, standard dissimilarity, and the disparity of in the middle of constituents of the variable introduced. Table 1 shows the summarize of the said figuring. The estimation uncovered that it has - 3.439 arbitrary consequences for the factors. Table 1 †Summary of Descriptive Statistics Computation of Variables Nitrogen Mean Sexually transmitted disease. Deviation Sexually transmitted disease. Misstep 95 % Confidence Interval for Mean Least Greatest Between-Component Discrepancy Lower Boundary Upper Bound 75 3 85.00 5.292 3.055 71.86 98.14 79 89 76 2 88.50 .707 .500 82.15 94.85 88 89 77 1 89.00....89 89 78 1 82.00....82 82 79 1 87.00....87 87 80 1 89.00....89 89 82 1 94.00....94 94 83 1 88.00....88 88 84 1 90.00....90 90 85 4 87.75 .957 .479 86.23 89.27 87 89 86 1 80.00....80 80 87 4 85.75 5.965 2.983 76.26 95.24 77 90 88 1 89.00....89 89 89 4 89.25 2.062 1.031 85.97 92.53 87 92 90 3 81.67 9.074 5.239 59.13 104.21 75 92 92 1 87.00....87 87 Whole 30 86.77 4.614 .842 85.04 88.49 75 94 Model Fixed Effectss 4.953 .904 84.83 88.71 Arbitrary Effectss .904a 84.84a 88.69a - 3.439 Another high spot of the graphic insights is the frequences of the assessments accomplished by the kindergartners. Tables 2 and 3 sum up the frequence.Table 2 †Summary of Preschoolers Rating Frequency before Portfolio AssessmentFrequency Rate Legitimate Percentage Collective Percentage Legitimate 75 3 9.7 10.0 10.0 76 2 6.5 6.7 16.7 77 1 3.2 3.3 20.0 78 1 3.2 3.3 23.3 79 1 3.2 3.3 26.7 80 1 3.2 3.3 30.0 82 1 3.2 3.3 33.3 83 1 3.2 3.3 36.7 84 1 3.2 3.3 40.0 85 4 12.9 13.3 53.3 86 1 3.2 3.3 56.7 87 4 12.9 13.3 70.0 88 1 3.2 3.3 73.3 89 4 12.9 13.3 86.7 90 3 9.7 10.0 96.7 92 1 3.2 3.3 100.0 Whole 30 96.8 100.0 Missing Framework 1 3.2 Whole 31 100.0Table 4 †Summary of Preschoolers Rating Frequency after Portfolio AssessmentFrequency Rate Legitimate Percentage Collective Percentage Legitimate 75 1 3.2 3.3 3.3 77 1 3.2 3.3 6.7 78 1 3.2 3.3 10.0 79 1 3.2 3.3 13.3 80 1 3.2 3.3 16.7 82 1 3.2 3.3 20.0 87 7 22.6 23.3 43.3 88 3 9.7 10.0 53.3 89 9 29.0 30.0 83.3 90 2 6.5 6.7 90.0 92 2 6.5 6.7 96.7 94 1 3.2 3.3 100.0 Whole 30 96.8 100.0 Missing Framework 1 3.2 Whole 31 100.0 One Way Analysis of Variance ( ANOVA ) One way Analysis of Variance ( ANOVA ) is finished with the dependant variable which is the perusing improvement of the kindergartners with the free factor which is the portfolio evaluation. The figured F esteem for the tonss of the kindergartners is.745 which is more prominent estimation of hugeness which is.711. This show a significant result of the portfolio evaluation in the expansion of securing of the kindergartners dependent on a 0.05 level of criticalness. Conversation of Questionnaires Question 1 †What are the things that can impel children to be keen on perusing? In light of the assembled outcomes the greater part of the children are persuaded to be keen on perusing by organizations of the visual works of art that go with the stuffs. In addition, the children are spurred dependent on the learning plan of the educators during the discussions. Another important factor in the children ‘s association is the wages framework being given in the event that they are making incredible in their few work. Question 2 †In your perception, about to what extent does it take for kindergartners to achieve whole understanding turn of events? In light of the outcomes assembled, most kindergartners accomplish whole perusing improvement in around a half year. This is in close coordination of teachers each piece great as the guardians in rehearsing their children. Notwithstanding, there are kindergartners that build up their full perusing capacity in about a twelvemonth. Arranged components influence this, for example, the child ‘s inclusion, aggregate of coordination and checking of guardians among others. Question 3 †Based on your experience, what is the input that you get from understudies when they are making their portfolios? In light of the outcomes assembled, the regular input that understudies have concerning their portfolios is that it ‘s truly intriguing and they discover it extremely utile towards the advancement. Anyway there are understudies that are going on the portfolio extremely hard and discovers it as a test. Question 4 †What contrasts do you identify in the range of clasp of perusing advancement exercises where portfolios are included and those that are non? In view of the gathered results, the significant contrast saw in the immature exercises of the students under the portfolio is that their cognizance has been improved. In addition, their contribution towards perusing has been improved. In spite of the fact that there are students that does n't hope to do a distinction towards their understanding mentality and wonts. Those understudies that are non under the portfolio did non do any distinction regarding their understanding mentality and wonts preceding the study. Question 5 †Do you accept the reactions to these portfolios rely upon the gathering of children that are being educated? In view of the assembled data from the educators, the different reactions of the children on the portfolios being instructed relies on the age gathering of the children. This was seen by the teachers with olde

Affirmative Action Cases

Affirmative Action Cases July 15 The nations highest court will soon rule on the legality of the practice of holistic college admissions. We happen to believe the legality of the practice will be upheld. In another indication of the eyeballs that will be closely watching the Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin lawsuit, Harvard University recently filed a motion to delay a lawsuit brought against the school. And why? Because the university feels that the lawsuit brought against Harvard, one filed in November by an anti-Affirmative Action group, will address the same fundamental issue as the case that will be argued before Americas highest court. And that issue is whether holistic college admissions policies violate the equal protection clause of the Constitutions Fourteenth Amendment. As articulated in a piece on the Affirmative Action suit in The Harvard Crimson, Despite  recent scrutiny, Harvard has repeatedly defended its use of race as one factor among others in admissions decisions; in a May statement, University Vice President and General Counsel Robert W. Iuliano ’83 said the College’s policies are fully compliant with the law.  The motion filed to delay the lawsuit Harvard currently faces, however, seems to acknowledge that the Supreme Court’s ruling in Fisher could offer a new interpretation of the legality of race-based affirmative action policies. The disposition of Fisher has the potential to significantly affect this litigation because [Fisher] presents the Supreme Court with an opportunity to clarify the law governing how public universities may consider race in the admissions process, says the motion, which Harvard filed in a federal district court on Monday. It sure does. Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin  could well be the most significant case about college admissions ever brought before the Supreme Court (arguably more so than the Michigan case). Harvard, for one, is anxious to know what the outcome will be of this case, one that weve been writing about on the pages of this college admissions blog for quite some time now. Were eager to know the outcome, too! Will holistic college admissions withstand the scrutiny of Justices Scalia, Thomas, Roberts, Alito, et al.? Will Justice Kennedy once again be the all-important swing vote? Only time will tell.

Evaluating The Care Consideration For My Patient With Autism

For this case study I will evaluate the care consideration for my patient with autism and how their additional needs were met in the X-ray department in order to accommodate the patient. We will consider the care of the service user and the adaptations in order to meet the needs of the patient. Throughout this examination we will look at legislations, policies and National Service Framework (NSF) that will shape the examination in order to provide care during the exam and aftercare of the patient. Following the Data Protection Act 1998 and NHS Code of practice 2003 (NHS England, 2014), it is our legal duty to safeguard patient confidentiality and so for this case study we will comply with the confidentiality policy and so this patient†¦show more content†¦Hypothesis stated that environmental agents exposure to the mother while pregnant may contribute to the childs development of ASD (NIH, 2015). The primary cause of ASD is an idiopathic process and so cannot identify the precise disease mechanism. ASD is a progressive disease and is characteristically diagnosed during early childhood and can persist throughout an individual lifetime needing lifetime specialist support with functional impairment (John Hopkins, 2014). Studies has shown that as an individual diagnosed with ASD grows they have an significantly increased risk of developing medical and psychiatric disorders which is contributed from the biological make-up of the individual (perkins et al, 2012) including dyslipidaemia gastrointestinal problem epilepsy hearing and visual impairments asthma hypertension heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis. and autoimmune conditions throughout a varied age group (Croen et al, 2014). Compared to the general population, people diagnosed with ASD has

The Ambivalence of Direct Democracy Essay - 1002 Words

The California Constitution states, â€Å"All political power is inherent in the people. Government is instituted for their protection, security, and benefit, and they have the right to alter or reform it when the public good may require.† (CA Const. art. 2, sect. 1) Indeed, the age-old maxim that the government is for the people is evident in California’s Constitution, and the inception of direct democracy by the early 20th century Progressive movement follows this ideology. The 2nd article of California’s constitution includes three forms of direct democracy: the initiative, referendum, and recall. Respectively, these forms of direct democracy grant electors the power to propose statutes and amendments, adopt or reject statutes and†¦show more content†¦Direct democracy’s initiative sounds appealing in theory, but realistically, history has shown that the average voter is incapable of truly assessing the effects and repercussions of these ballot proposals. This is clearly exemplified by Proposition 13, an initiative that, as author Isaac Martin states, became a â€Å"nationwide symbol of tax revolt† (Martin). Proposition 13 essentially set the property tax rate to 1% and stated that the assessed value of homes could not exceed the 1975-76 assessed value. This reduced taxes by about 57% (californiataxdata.com), a truly drastic decrease, which translates to a loss of $7 billion in property taxes during the 1978-79 fiscal year (McCaffery Bowman, 530). Consequently, Proposition 13 led to intense repercussions; the huge decreases in finances forced local agencies to look for funding elsewhere, and severe cuts were made. The Los Angeles Times conducted a survey of 70 southern school districts and found that two-thirds of them had eliminated or sharply curtailed summer school. Also, Long Beach school sent layoff notices to nearly half of its staff of teachers, and by June 28th there was a total of 3,252 estimated layoffs with 165,000 imminent layoffs. The repercussions continued, with prices escalating to cover the decline of financing. And ironically,Show MoreRelatedUncouth Nation: Why Europe Dislikes America by Andrei Markovits1098 Words   |  5 Pagesis very disturbing because who will now control America and America cannot control all the states. There is anti-Americanism not only in Europe but also in the Middle East and even Asia. Nonetheless, many people still admire America’s culture and democracy however much they do not like what it does. Everyone around the world will always have something to like and talk about positively about America and so the issue of anti-Americanism should be stopped and this is why Markovits in his book UncouthRead MoreReview : Outer Experience 1227 Words   |  5 Pagesclimate becomes (Pfeffer 34). 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Bulge Essay Example For Students

Bulge Essay The Battle of the bulge took place on December sixteenth 1944. The Germans mobilized the last chance they had to win the war. The Germans wanted to cut the American forces in to two parts this way the could easily be destroyed. Hitler felt this was his last to win Because his forces were being pushed back and soon they would run out of the resources the would need to win the war. Hitler was mobilizing a task force of 500,000 Germans solders. The allies were slowly pushing throng the Ardennes Forest on the Germany, Belgium Boarder, with a force of 600,000 American solders And 55,000 British solders. Hitler hoped to surprise the Allies of gard and quickly separate the army. The allies pushed through this are because they felt this was the least like place to set up a attack to assault the Allies. The Germans selected it because it was easy to hide troops in the hills. Hitler code-named this attack as the wacht am Rhein The Americans whit through the area in a thin line to give support to the flank were the attack was expected. During the War Eisenhower and his staff felt this spot was the least likely to be attacked. The thought the Germans would not try any thing through the narrow passageway. The American Army was kept long and thin whit a reinforced left and right flakiness to make sure of any attacks that would come right up the middle. The Germans wanted to of the opposite of what the Americans wanted to do. As stated above the Allied troops were resting and reforming; they consisted of General Simpsons 9th Army and General Hodges 1st US Army in the north and General Pattons 3rd Army to the south. The Ardennes was held by General Middleton who had the 8th US Army Corps, 106th and 26th Infantry Divisions and 4th and 9th Armoured Divisions. The object of the German offensive was to push through the Belgian Ardennes, cross the Meuse, retake Antwerp and its harbour facilities, thrust to the north and reach the sea. This would cut off the Allied troops in Holland and Belgium, making it impossible for them to withdraw. The success of the operation depended on three important parts, the speed of the initial breakthrough, the seizure of Allied fuel supplies and communications centres between St.Vith and Bastogne, and the widening of the breach in the Allied lines to allow German troops to pour into Belgium. There would be three armies the 15th Army in the North, 7th Army in the South and the main push by Sepp Dietrichs 6th and von Manteuffels 7th Panzer Divisions in the center! Specially trained German soldiers who spoke English fluently were infiltrated behind the Allied lines wearing American uniforms with orders to disrupt the deployment of Allied units and prepare the way for the German advance.The crucial problem for the German was their lack of fuel and the whole adventure depended on their initial thrust capturing the allied supplies. Whit out a supply of fuel they where siting ducks if they ever ran out. Hitlers last attack had to work or he would be defeated. The plan was to march 85 miles from Southern Belgium to Luxembourg and attack the allies by surprise. He would attack during the Christmas season in the Ardennes Forest, an area where there were only a few allied shoulders. The invasion was designed to split the American and British armies in half. However it did not succe ed. The German armies caught the allies by surprise. They had some success in the beginning and were able to take a lot of land from the allies and captured many allied soldiers. The allied forces fought Hitlers armies bravely. They held on to their ground wherever they could. They slowed down the German armies until American and English reinforcements arrived to fight the Germans. The German army was no match for the allied forces. They were running out of fuel, men and ammunition. After fierce battles the German forces were pushed back and gave up all the land they had conquered in the beginning of the battle. The allied forces completely destroyed the German armies. From

Managerial Communication Breakdown

Abstract The following paper is an interview with a manager at a multinational retail firm. The interviewee’s official title is divisional vice president of human resources. The managerial climate of the firm at the time of the interview can be categorized as turbulent – senior management underwent a major shift the week before, and two days before the interview the CEO stepped down and a new CEO addressed the senior managers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Managerial Communication Breakdown specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The firm itself loses money each quarter; the financial climate therefore remains uncertain, and many people fear lay-offs and downsizing. Keywords: business communication, managerial communication, breakdown, strategies Managerial Communication Breakdown Introduction The following paper includes elements from an interview with a senior manager at a multinational retail firm. The interviewee’s official title is divisional vice president of human resources. The managerial climate of the firm at the time of the interview can be categorized as turbulent and stressful; senior management underwent a major shift the week before, and two days before the interview the CEO stepped down and a new CEO addressed the senior managers at a breakfast meeting. No warning occurred prior to the CEO’s transition, and many senior managers experienced trepidation at the swiftness and secrecy surrounding the CEO’s exit. The feeling in the company, according to the interviewee, was â€Å"it’s a bad omen† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). The firm itself loses money each quarter; the financial climate therefore remains uncertain, and many people fear lay-offs and downsizing. Breakdowns in Internal Politics As explained above, the current climate of the retail company is beset with anxiety. According to the interviewee, à ¢â‚¬Å"everyone is afraid. No one knows what is going on, since in recent weeks the C-suite has been like a revolving door. We’ve had hires and fires going on at a blistering pace, and since just about everyone in senior management is now new, the ones who didn’t leave in the first round are wondering when the axe will fall on them.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Communication wise this has created an atmosphere of mistrust; the internal politics can be summed up in three words: Trust no one. I also have the feeling that everyone is updating their resume and looking for a new job – there’s a real sense that the rats are fleeing the Titanic. As a result no one is really focusing on the work at hand, which is to pull the company out of the lion’s mouth. Communication about the business itself is almost an afterthought. Everybody i s just trying to find out what’s going on and if they will have a job next week† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). The dearth of trust in the organization described herein speaks to what Casey, Miller Johnson (1997) call â€Å"information deprivation†¦ information deprivation will motivate survivors to engage in strategic information-seeking behaviors. Survivors may seek to confirm rumors that the downsizing is only the first in a series of RIFs or ascertain if the organization is stable with a leaner staff. Information-seeking strategies are deliberate, conscious efforts to obtain information that vary in accordance to their overtness and the degree of specificity of desired information† (Casey, Miller Johnson 1997). According to the interviewee an effective strategy in recent days has been â€Å"active listening. I find that if I spend the first few minutes of the meeting listening to the fears and anxieties from my team, they settle do wn instantly and we return to our effective work mode. In my experience when managers ignore the anxieties of their team it just doesn’t work; yes, these are irrational fears and nobody knows what will happen, however the simple act of listening in a thoughtful way without judgment seems to focus my team instantly† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). Breakdowns in Decision Making According to Winter, Neal Waner (2001), â€Å"poor communication skills can bias group decision making† (Winter, Neal Waner 2001). In the experience of the interviewee, decision making in the organization suffers at the present time simply because of â€Å"impatience. We just got a new CEO, yet everyone wants to know now what is happening now. The poor guy hasn’t even sat at his own desk yet.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Managerial Communication Breakdown specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Decision making is rife with speculation and prediction – all the arm chair quarterbacks are out in full force trying to predict the new guy’s play – and I find that very few decisions have been made, aside from the major decision to exit the old CEO and bring in the new one† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). The strategy that the interviewee employed at the time of the interview is â€Å"avoiding groupthink. When we are in a strategy meeting, I do not allow any speculation as to the current CEO’s plan. Groupthink derails decision making almost instantly, and all it takes is one person to make some remark about what the CEO did in his previous role – how many people he fired, usually – and the whole team dissolves into panic mode. I steer us back to the task at hand – whatever decision needs to be made in the next hour – and I tend to be a firm taskmaster. The strategy that works best for me is t o not verbally engage the groupthink in any way; I simply restate the task, and lead the group back to the fold† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). Breakdowns in Leadership According to Winter, Neal Waner (2001), â€Å"the more realistic the task, the more likely it is that the emergent leader will be from either sex†¦however, where participants have less stake in the outcome, men are slightly more likely to emerge as leaders. Women take the leadership role more often in social situations, and men participate more and act as leader more often in task situations†¦even when a woman had taken the leadership role and performed most of the leadership tasks, if a man had contributed significantly, he was perceived as the leader† (Winter, Neal Waner 2001). In the current climate of the organization, leadership styles differ significantly, and according to the interviewee, some leaders deploy a masculine or authoritative style that â€Å"really isnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t flying for us at the moment. The old CEO had a tendency toward public rebuking of his direct reports. I’m not saying that’s why he left, but that had an effect on people, you know?Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Telling someone they suck in public does not win hearts and minds. I think to his credit he felt like that tactic would motivate guys to make sure they did a better job, however in our case it backfired. No one felt safe to communicate for fear of being stripped naked in front of peers† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). The communication strategy that the interviewee uses to handle performance issues among the members of her team is â€Å"personal and private. I take the individual aside and I make sure no one witnesses me doing this. Then I explain to him or her that we are going to place him on a performance plan, if we are, or if I need to find out why certain tasks aren’t getting done, I ask the question one to one and then work with the team member to facilitate the task† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). References Casey, M.K., Miller, V.D. Johnson, J.R. (1997). â€Å"Survivors’ information seeking following a redu ction in workforce.† Communication Research, 24, (6), 755-777. Kurtz, E. (2011, June 25). Personal communication. Winter, J.K., Neal, J.C. Waner, K. K. (2001). â€Å"How male, female, and mixed-gender groups regard interaction and leadership differences in the business communication course.† Business Communication Quarterly, 64 (3), 43-59. This research paper on Managerial Communication Breakdown was written and submitted by user M.O.D.O.G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

History of the Israeli

History of the Israeli Introduction The Israeli-Palestinian conflict refers to the continuing dispute involving Israelis and Palestinians. The struggle is extensive, and the reference is also used in mentioning of the prior stages of the same dispute, involving Jewish and Zionist yishuv and the Arab populace in Palestine under Ottoman or British law.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It constitutes a division of the larger struggle involving Arabs and Israelis. The pending major concerns are; joint respect, boundaries, security, water privileges, command of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements, Palestinian free will of association and legal issues involving expatriates (A synopsis of the Israel/Palestine Conflict). The aggression arising from the struggle has encouraged global measures, and also other safety civil liberties concerns, both within and involving the two sides, and globally. Several efforts have been made to bring about a two-nation resolution, entailing the coming up with a self-regulating Palestinian state at the side of a self-regulating Jewish nation or adjacent to the State of Israel following Israel’s founding in 1948. Only just in 2007, a greater part of both Israelis and Palestinians, following some polls, have a preference for the two-state way out over any other solution as a way of putting an end to the struggle. What is more, a significant portion of the Jewish populace perceives the Palestinians’ insistence for an autonomous state as good, and thinks Israel can be of the same opinion to the forming of such a state. A greater part of Palestinians and Israelis think of the West Bank and Gaza Strip as a good enough position of the supposed Palestinian state in a two-state resolution. Nevertheless, there exist considerable areas of discrepancy over the form of any concluding accord and also relating to th e level of reliability each side sees in the other in sustaining fundamental binders. Inside the Israeli and Palestinian society, the struggle spawns a broad range of analyses and judgments. This draws attention to the unfathomable divisions which are present not only between Israelis and Palestinians, but also inside each society. An earmark of the struggle has been the extent of aggression observed for practically its whole period. Warfare has been carried out by regular armed forces, terror groups and individuals. Injured parties have not been constrained to the armed forces, with a huge number of human deaths in civilian populace on both divides.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are high-flying global players concerned with resolution of the struggle. The two groups engrossed in direct give and take are the Israeli administration and the Pales tine Liberal Organization, PLO. The formal concessions are arbitrated by an international body known as the Quartet on the Middle East embodied by an exceptional representative that comprises of the United States, Russia, the European Union, and the United Nations. The Arab League is another essential aspect, which has put forward a substitute peace plan. Late 19th century-1920: Origins Theorigins of the struggle can be mapped out to the late 19th century, with an increase in national pressure groups. Although the Jewish desire to go back to Zion had been part of Jewish spiritual contemplation for a number of millennia, the Jewish populace in Europe began to more aggressively talk about immigration back to Israel, and the re-instituting of the Jewish Nation in its national mother country (Quigley, 6). This was during the 1870s and 1880s and was seen as a way out to the extensive maltreatment of Jews in Russia and Europe. The Zionist pressure group called for the instituting of a nat ion-state for the Jewish community in Palestine which would serve as a safe place for the world’s Jews, a place where they would have the freedom of self-rule. Zionist aspirations were progressively more recognized as a threat by the Arab leaders in the Palestine area. The land was not unoccupied at the end of the 19th century, or at any other period. During that period, there were about half a million inhabitants in Palestine. Of these, a whopping 90% were Arabs. These people were opposed, of course, to the invasion of unfamiliar settlers into their land. Ottoman land buying guidelines were instituted following local objections in resistance to rising immigration. The Arab National Movement came out almost at the same time with the Zionist Movement. Primarily, it came to fight the Ottoman Empire and soon after the colonial systems founded on its remains at the end of the Firs World War. A freestanding Arab-Palestinian national pressure group came up in the country following the Britain’s formation of a disconnect State called Palestine, and in the way of the fight back in opposition to Zionist penetration. 1920-48: British Command of Palestine Following the First World War and the fall down of the Ottoman Empire, in April 1920 the Allied Supreme Council assembly awarded the consents for Palestine and Transjordan to Britain (Judge Langdon, 456). Part of the agreement required the formation of an autonomous Jewish body that would oversee Jewish affairs in Palestine. Both Zionist and Arab envoys were present at the talks and signed an accord to work together. The accord was never put into operation. Jewish immigration to Palestine went on to increase considerably during Britain’s mandate in Palestine. This was as a result of anti-Semitism in Europe. A number of these immigrants were got into Jewish societies on lands bought legally by Zionist bodies from absconder landlords. In some other cases peasant tenant farmers were replaced and these made Arabs feel that they were being dispossessed.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 1948-67 The endpoint of the British governance over Palestine and the Declaration of the Establishment of Israel ignited an all-out war in 1948. The war went off on May 14 and the four sets of armed forces of Jordan, Syria, Egypt and Iraq assaulted the not long self declared state. This war ended with a conquest for Israel which took possession of land beyond the separation boundaries for a planned Jewish state and into the boundaries for a planned Palestinian Arab nation. While a majority of the Palestinian Arab citizenry that stayed in Israel after the war was offered an Israeli nationality, Arab Israelis were subjugated to a military regulation up to 1966 (Judge Langdon, 478). Several of lawful measures made possible the relocation of land left behind by Arabs to state ownership. In 1966, safety limitations placed on Arab citizens of Israel were cancelled from top to bottom, and the government got down taking apart many of the biased regulations and Arab Citizens of Israel were endowed similar civil liberties as the Jewish. 1967-93 The trouncing of the Arab nations in the Six-Day War led to splintered Palestinian opinionated and radical organizations to give up any lasting optimism they had placed in pan-Arabism. Later on other lobby groups joined forces and began attacking Israel. This again led to revenge from Israel. Towards the late 60s, tensions between Palestinians and the Jordanian administration went up to a great extent. At the commencement of the 70s the Palestinian extremist associations waged an intercontinental operation in opposition to Israelis, principally in Europe. In an effort to make known the Palestinian cause, aggravated Palestinian insurgent groups in Lebanon assaulted Israeli national targets like l earning institutions, buses and residence blocks, with intermittent assaults out of the country. Such attacks were, for instance, aimed at embassies or airports. 1993-2000: Oslo peace process At the beginning of 1993,Israeli and Palestine Liberation Organization negotiators commenced on underground negotiations in Oslo, Norway. Later in the year, Palestine leader Yasser Arafat sent a letter to Israel reiterating Israel’s right to subsist and rejected extremism (Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Web Quest). This was followed by the signing of an accord on the grounds of the deliberations between Israel and Palestine delegations. However, the peace process did have any major impact on the ground as violence continued as time went by. With increased aggression, the Camp David 2000 Summit was held in July of the same year in a bid to reach an ultimate status accord. The summit could not come up with anything good as Yasser Arafat, the Palestinian leader, would not agree to a deal craf t by American and Israeli mediators.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 2000 until today Going kaput of the summit, the taking away of any hope for a truce between the two antagonists and the categorical pro-Israeli standpoint of the United States certainly led to another round of fierce rows, which came to be referred to as the al-Aqsa Intifada. Since that time what has continually taken place is the pressurizing of the Israeli government by international bodies to stop the expansion of Israeli inhabitation of the West Bank and make efforts to kick start the peace process with Palestine. A synopsis of the Israel/Palestine Conflict. April 2008 – March 25, 2011. ifamericansknew.org/history/ Google Web quest. â€Å"Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Web Quest† May 26, 2009 – March 25, 2011. www.cr-cath.pvt.k12.ia.us//Israel_Palestine_Webquest.html Judge, Edward Langdon, John. â€Å"Connections: A world history.† Prentice Hall, August 2008. p 456 – 478. Quigley, John. â€Å"The case for Palestine: an international law perspe ctive.† Duke University Press, p 6. (2006).

Causes of American Divorce Essay Example for Free

Causes of American Divorce Essay For the last decade, the issue of American divorce has increased dramatically. A significant change in economical, psychological and emotional mind set could be the explanation of why so many American are ending their relationship in divorce. Issues such as, not having enough financial stability, lack of communication and lack of commitment, in other words infidelity, could provide an explanation to society of why divorce has increased throughout the years. The first cause of divorce may be because of not having enough financial stability from one of the spouses or both. The quote, â€Å"Money is the root of all evil,† may be true, especially when it comes to American marriages. Although, instead, the quote should say â€Å"Money is the root to all reasons marriages fail.† Money may not be the only reason it fails but could be one of the reasons. An example of this could be, if a spouse is paying for necessity based things, such as, bills and food and the other spends too much on things that are useless, this could become a problem, especially when children are involved. Most married couples tend to forget that when they say their marriage vows, there is an important line that pertains to money and that is, â€Å"Til debt do us part.† Relationships sometimes begin and the spouse may not know the financial difficulties one may be having. This could cause a problem when the couples try to buy a house or a car. Frustration could come upon them and eventually end the marriage due to the arguments. However, financial problems might n ot be the only cause of divorce. The second cause of American marriages ending in divorce could be, lack of communication. Most couples tend to stay fairly busy with work or college and don’t get a large amount of time to talk about issues one may be facing with the other, for fear that an argument may happen. However, not talking about the issues could become a problem. For example, the spouse may do something the other doesn’t like and if it keeps happening, the petty problem could cause an outrage to spark and since they were unable to solve the problem before because of lack of communication it could lead to the marriage possibly failing. The quote, â€Å"Love is communication, so the bottom line is; a lack of communication is a lack of love,† could be true for most marriages because not talking could cause separation between the spouses. The third cause of American divorce could be lack of commitment or infidelity. Infidelity is the act of unfaithfulness to a person. This could be the number one cause of marriage failure. For example, a spouse may not be into the sexual arousal game as the other spouse is. This could then lead to the spouse engaging in sexual activity with someone other than the person they married to. Sexual desire is not the only form of infidelity. Lust may be consider as adultery as well. A spouse may begin to have fantasies of being with someone else or an intense desire of love toward a person. To conclude, the three possible reasons American marriages fail could be because of financial issues, lack of communication and lack of commitment or infidelity. The numbers are becoming dramatically alarming. To stop this problem from happening marriages should build their relationship on a strong foundation and beware of rushing into things before talking about. Communication should be an important matter in any relationship. Causes of American Divorce. (2017, Feb 08).

The Work-Family Interface Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Work-Family Interface - Assignment Example My family bill of rights considers the need for flexible working hours and right for pro-rated benefits for reduced working hours in order to ensure equity in compensation after reduction of the working hours (Major & Burke, 2013). Furthermore, I believe my family bill of rights is more comprehensive and better since it grants transport benefits and on-site clinical, counseling and physical exercise facilities in order to reduce job-related stresses. Accordingly, my bill of rights has provided for paid vacations and holiday visits. The rights that I have identified in my Workers’ bill of rights are not universally accessible. Some of the rights that are universally accessible include the right to equal opportunities and safeguards from discrimination due to the various laws such as the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act 1964, the American with disabilities Act and various regulations of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The workers have access to fair disciplinary and dismissal procedures. However, the workers lack access to fair salaries and wages due to the low minimum wage requirement, the high influx of immigrant workers and high unemployment rate in the economy. The workers have no access to adequate health insurance cover and retirement benefit plans since there are stringent regulations of enforcing such rights (Major & Burke, 2013). Private companies cannot provide share-ownership plans due to the nature of their business organization while some companies have instituted measure s of discouraging their employees from joining labor unions. The desire by employees to maximize production has led to excessive working hours especially for the casual workers and such employers have failed to provide overtime pay for work in excess of 40 hours per week due to lack of clear legislation to guide the number of official working hours per week. One of the work-family policies that promotes work-life balance among employees is the

Misconceptions of Buddhism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Misconceptions of Buddhism - Research Paper Example When it comes to religions, people are often guided by misconceptions and wrong beliefs. The way in which everybody understands and comprehends religious texts and traditions leads to the movement of all these misconceptions. For many years, Buddhism has suffered a number of misconceptions regarding its traditions, beliefs and practices. Among the misconceptions include the three ways of life, practices and beliefs (Nielsen, 2004). 2.0 Misconceptions of Buddhism. Buddhism is termed to be a pagan religion that involves worship of many gods rather than one accepted Christian God. There is also a misconception that Buddhists believe in reincarnation. It is termed that all Buddhists welcome suffering in their lives; they believe that when one suffers or is poor, then she/ he is regarded as a sincere Buddhist. All Buddhists in the world are to wear robes as part of their clothing. This is a misconception. Another misconception about Buddhism is that Buddhists must endure gruelling meditat ions in their entire life. Majority of people perceive that when Buddhist faithful put their hands together and bow their heads they are praying for a good fortune to come to their lives. It is stated that in America, members of ‘shin Buddhism’ are only Japanese and if not it is for Japanese- American citizens only (Tudge, 2002). Another misconception is a reflection on the appearance of a Buddhist, where a Buddha, is believed to be a Chinese monk who is a fat guy, and are always bald (shaving their heads completely), leaving no sign of any hair on their heads). All Buddhists in the world are said to be vegetarians, taking only vegetables as part of their diets. One of the wide misconceptions about Buddhism among the Buddhists is that all of them meditate more often and always, and they do so while sitting in full lotus. The Buddhists believe that all roads lead to the same mountain tops -but Buddhism is termed as the clear route to the top of the mountain (Nielsen, 200 4). Majority of people think and believe that Buddhists live in monasteries as either monks or lay people who are secluded from the rest of the people. It is believed that one must be a monk or a lay nun to get enlightened. From the strange behaviours, beliefs and dressing, a misconception has been raised that Buddhists are Idol worshippers. The respect that they give Dalai Lama leads to misconception that Dalai Lama is the head of Buddhism. The social and interaction among individuals and Buddhists have led to a misconception that Buddhism is a pessimistic religion, an illusion created, and Buddhist behaviour is a dreadful one; serious individuals who don’t wear any kind of make-up, and in most cases they do not leisure at all. The Buddhism religion is termed as one that is boring and rigid that does not allow its faithful to desire any kind of earthly thing such as engaging in sports. The last misconception is that Buddhism is a reformation or upgrade of Hinduism (Tudge, 20 02). 3.0 Reasons for and against misconceptions of Buddhism Buddhism is not a pagan religion just because Buddhists don’t concern themselves about God or gods; they put their concerns on ‘Dharma’ who is not a god or gods but the truth or reality. Their belief in reincarnation is true as the majority of the sects in Buddhism believe in reincarnation in the same way Christians do in God. The misconceptions of the Buddhism of

The Use of Deception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay

The Use of Deception in William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deception is a key theme in William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. The characters must use deception to obtain good things, escape bad situations, or to play cruel hilarious ticks on other people. One example of deception is when Viola clothes herself in men's clothing in order to obtain a job under the Duke of Illyria, Orsino. During another scene Sir Andrew, Fabian, Maria, and Sir Toby Belch trick Malvolio into making a fool of himself. A third example of deception is when Feste the jester disguises himself as Sir Topas and taunts Malvolio. Each of these scenes and characters helps depict the different uses of deception.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first example of deception is Viola's decision to dress as a man. She must do this in order to survive. Viola is a young woman who narrowly escaped a shipwreck along with her twin brother, Sebastian. Unfortunately, the twins where separated during the shipwreck and each believes the other perished. Viola has no way of survival other than to dress as a man and serve Orsino. Viola says: "For such disguise as haply shall become the form of my intent. I'll serve this duke...for I can sing...That will help allow me very worthy his service". (Shakespeare, 54-59) While serving as a messenger between the Orsino and his love Olivia, Olivia happens to fall in love with Viola instead of the Duke. Later a captain finds Viola's brother, Sebastian, on the shore of Illyria. They both g...

Psychology Articles Essay

1. Glazer, H. R., Clark, M. D., & Stein, D. S. (2004). The Impact of Hippotherapy on Grieving Children. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing 6(3), 171-175. This article is a study on the effects of hippotherapy or therapeutic riding on grieving children affected by the death of a family member. The topic focuses on the grieving of children specifically because of the observation that their bereavement often coincides with issues relating to their natural growth and development. Thus, sometimes it is difficult to ascertain whether a child’s reaction should be properly classified as growth or grief (Glazer, Clark & Stein, 2004). In order to add substantial information on the literature on children’s bereavement, the authors conducted a study that would determine how a 6-week hippotherapy program would work on grieving children. They sought to determine how stakeholders, such as the parents, children, and adult volunteer would perceive the program (Glazer, Clark & Stein, 2004). The study involved a 6-week program where selected children with ages 4 to 14 stayed at the Buckeye Ranch for sessions that taught them how to ride horses. Each session ended with the children telling the things they learned for that session. The parents and adult volunteers were also asked to reflect on their perception of the therapeutic riding session. The authors found positive results from the study, consisting of increased confidence, self-esteem, and trust among the children. The children also gained communication skills as a result of the study. Finally, both guardians and parents found the riding therapy as a positive experience. Thus, they concluded that riding therapy is a good way for finding expression of grief. 2. Andrews, C. R. & Marotta, S. A. (2005). Spirituality and Coping Among Grieving Children: A Preliminary Study. Counseling and Values 50, 38-50. This article describes grief as a â€Å"natural part of human experience.† The authors of this paper, however, note that literature on grieving mostly focus on adults’ coping mechanisms. Particularly, literature on adult bereavement focuses on religious practices and spiritual beliefs as effective coping mechanisms. Therefore, the authors aimed to extrapolate from such literature and attempt to apply major themes among grieving children (Andrews & Marotta, 2005). The authors completed a sample size of 6 children between the ages of 4 and 9, coming from various institutions. All participants experienced death within the family in the past 18 months before the period of the study. Parents’ consent was secured from each participant. During the 3-month study period, children, parents, and main caregivers were given semistructured interviews. Such interviews led to qualitative data. There were also check-in sessions conducted every month. The study utilized a phenomenological approach so that specific aspect so f bereavement could surface (Andrews & Marotta, 2005). The authors found that children’s grief are not necessarily similar to that of adults’. Children grieve repeatedly as they go from one developmental stage to the next. Certain objects or mechanisms were also found to have been effective in dealing with the grief of children, such as puppets, games, bibliotherapy, and drawings. They also note that certain spiritual aspects like linking objects and connection through metaphorical play may play a huge role in comforting grieving children (Andrews & Marotta, 2005). 3. Abeles, N., Victor, T. L. & Delano-Wood, L. (2004). The Impact of an Older Adult’s Death on the Family. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 35(3), 234-239. This article reviews extant literature on issues of death and dying. Specifically, it is concerned with the impact on the death of an older member of a family to surviving members, particularly on surviving adult children. It also aims to derive implications for treatment based on the study (Abeles, Victor & Delano-Wood, 2004). The methodology involved a simple review of literature, both on theoretical and empirical levels, on the topic of death and bereavement. Based on such literature review, the authors suggested individual or play therapy, psychoeducation, and different interventions as treatment options for grief. The authors likewise concluded that each individual may cope with loss or death of a family members in different ways. Some may not undergo the usual stages of grief. Thus, understanding of various coping mechanisms could also help surviving family members in dealing with grief (Abeles, Victor & Delano-Wood, 2004). 4. Ens, C. & Bond, J. B. (2007). Death Anxiety in Adolescents: The Contributions of Bereavement and Religiosity. Baywood Publishing Co., Inc., 169-184. This article aims to determine possible relationships between religiosity, bereavement, and death anxiety levels of adolescents. This is done to achieve greater understanding of adolescents, who face difficult challenges during bereavement (Ens & Bond, 2007). The authors conducted a study with 226 adolescents as participants. These participants have ages ranging from 11 to 18 and come from rural and urban private schools. Both the parents and student participants gave written consent before participating in the study. The authors formulated one questionnaire that consisted of several scales that measure bereavement, religiosity, and death anxiety. This questionnaire was administered to participants and the data was analyzed (Ens & Bond, 2007). The data showed a strong correlation between death and grief due to death in the family. Consequently, the authors concluded, â€Å"grief due to bereavement was the only factor found to independently contribute death anxiety for adolescents.† Finally, the authors found weak relationship between death anxiety and personal religiosity (Ens & Bond, 2007). 5. Papadatou, D., Metallinou, O., Hatzichristou, C. & Pavlidi, L. (2002). Supporting the bereaved child: teacher’s perceptions and experiences in Greece. Mortality 7(3), 324-339. This article reports a national survey conducted by the authors, aimed at determining how Greek teachers perceived bereaved children. More specifically, this study aimed to analyze experiences of children who grieved the death of a relative and a classmate. These aims result from the belief that grief is affected by the level of support received by bereaved children (Papadatou, Metallinou, Hatzichristou & Pavlidi, 2002). The authors selected participating population by applying a specific criterion on a list of Greek schools provided by the Ministry of Education, National Statistical Service. The authors handed out 3,500 questionnaires among Greek educators, and data was gathered from the responses (Papadatou, Metallinou, Hatzichristou & Pavlidi, 2002). The national survey resulted in several important findings. For one, it appears that Greek educators feel that the experience of death in the family or classmate negatively affect the performance of a bereaved child in school. Moreover, educators who had more years in experience as teachers had more opportunity to observe grieving children and the effect of bereavement on them. Finally, most educators appeared comfortable talking to bereaved students and cooperate with their family to help them cope with their loss (Papadatou, Metallinou, Hatzichristou & Pavlidi, 2002). 6. Charkow, W. B. Inviting Children to Grieve. Professional School Counseling. This article discusses the importance of grieving for children who have experienced death in the family. It reviews literature and shows how society and families often shield children from the fact of death. This paper aims to establish the importance of grieving for children by showing how shielding children affects them (Charkow). The article basically reviews literature on death and the responses to its experience. These factors affect how the loss of a person through death could be traumatic to a child. For example, the relationship of the child with the deceased is a relevant factor to consider. Through the study of extant literature on bereavement, the author laid down several implications for stakeholders, such as parents, teachers, and counselors. The author concludes that being up front with children about the realities of death would lead them to cope properly through understanding and grieving appropriately. 7. Cohen, J., Goodman, R. F., Brown, E. J. & Mannarino, A. (2004). Treatment of Childhood Traumatic Grief: Contributing to a Newly Emerging Condition in the Wake of Community Trauma. Treatment of Childhood Traumatic Grief After 9/11, 213-216. This article is a response to the events of the 9/11 attack in New York City, which resulted in the death of many parents. The authors report that more than 10,000 children lost parents and loved ones on that fateful day. Hence, the authors’ concern about childhood traumatic grief (Cohen, Goodman, Brown & Mannarino, 2004). This article basically reviews extant literature on childhood traumatic grief, particularly those relating to treatment interventions and psychotherapeutic approaches to childhood traumatic grief (Cohen, Goodman, Brown & Mannarino, 2004). After reviewing literature on interventions to childhood traumatic grief, such as client-centered therapy, the authors discussed various factors that affect the assessment and treatment of the condition. Finally, the authors provided suggestions for future directions, particularly since the literature on childhood traumatic grief is still in its infancy (Cohen, Goodman, Brown & Mannarino, 2004). 8. Crenshaw, D. A. (2005). Clinical Tools to Facilitate Treatment of Childhood Traumatic Grief. OMEGA 51(3), 239-255. This article aims to describe strategies and techniques that address childhood traumatic grief in order to how clinicians how to address youth experiencing such condition. These strategies use themes such as abandonment and attachment (Crenshaw, 2005). This article’s methodology consisted mainly in reviewing and describing various techniques and strategies used in dealing with grieving children. The authors then analyzed how such techniques helped children with their bereavement (Crenshaw, 2005). The strategies described in this article illustrate how themes such as facing unknown dangers and leaving behind loved ones and family help children cope with loss and address unresolved issues (Crenshaw, 2005). References Abeles, N., Victor, T. L. & Delano-Wood, L. (2004). The Impact of an Older Adult’s Death on the Family. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 35(3), 234-239. Andrews, C. R. & Marotta, S. A. (2005). Spirituality and Coping Among Grieving Children: A Preliminary Study. Counseling and Values 50, 38-50. Charkow, W. B. Inviting Children to Grieve. Professional School Counseling. Crenshaw, D. A. (2005). Clinical Tools to Facilitate Treatment of Childhood Traumatic Grief. OMEGA 51(3), 239-255. Cohen, J., Goodman, R. F., Brown, E. J. & Mannarino, A. (2004). Treatment of Childhood Traumatic Grief: Contributing to a Newly Emerging Condition in the Wake of Community Trauma. Treatment of Childhood Traumatic Grief After 9/11, 213-216. Ens, C. & Bond, J. B. (2007). Death Anxiety in Adolescents: The Contributions of Bereavement and Religiosity. Baywood Publishing Co., Inc., 169-184. Glazer, H. R., Clark, M. D., & Stein, D. S. (2004). The Impact of Hippotherapy on Grieving Children. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing 6(3), 171-175. Papadatou, D., Metallinou, O., Hatzichristou, C. & Pavlidi, L. (2002). Supporting the bereaved child: tracher’s perceptions and experiences in Greece. Mortality 7(3), 324-339.

America Today Social Justice - 785 Words

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